Dom first2/25/2024 Pedro I died of tuberculosis in September 1834, just a few months after he and the liberals had emerged victorious. Faced at first with what seemed a national civil war, he soon became involved in a wider conflict that enveloped the Iberian Peninsula in a struggle between proponents of liberalism and those seeking a return to absolutism. Pedro I invaded Portugal at the head of an army in July 1832. Unable to deal with problems in both Brazil and Portugal simultaneously, on 7 April 1831 Pedro I abdicated in favor of his son Dom Pedro II, and sailed for Europe. Other difficulties arose in the Brazilian parliament, where a struggle over whether the government would be chosen by the monarch or by the legislature dominated political debates from 1826 to 1831. The Emperor's concurrent and scandalous sexual affair with Domitila de Castro tarnished his reputation. During the same year in Lisbon, Maria II's throne was usurped by Prince Dom Miguel, Pedro I's younger brother. The situation worsened in 1828 when the war in the south resulted in Brazil's loss of Cisplatina. In March 1826, Pedro I briefly became king of Portugal before abdicating in favor of his eldest daughter, Dona Maria II. A few months later, Pedro I crushed the short-lived Confederation of the Equator, a failed secession attempt by provincial rebels in Brazil's northeast.Ī secessionist rebellion in the southern province of Cisplatina in early 1825, and the subsequent attempt by the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata to annex it, led the Empire into the Cisplatine War. ![]() On 12 October, he was acclaimed Brazilian emperor and by March 1824 had defeated all armies loyal to Portugal. Pedro I chose the Brazilian side and declared Brazil's independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822. The Portuguese government's threat to revoke the political autonomy that Brazil had enjoyed since 1808 was met with widespread discontent in Brazil. He had to deal with challenges from revolutionaries and insubordination by Portuguese troops, all of which he subdued. The outbreak of the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Lisbon compelled Pedro I's father to return to Portugal in April 1821, leaving him to rule Brazil as regent. When the country was invaded by French troops in 1807, he and his family fled to Portugal's largest and wealthiest colony, Brazil. Born in Lisbon, Pedro I was the fourth child of King Dom John VI of Portugal and Queen Carlota Joaquina, and thus a member of the House of Braganza. ![]() As King Dom Pedro IV, he reigned briefly over Portugal, where he also became known as "the Liberator" as well as " the Soldier King". As a young prince, Pedro had the best schooling and tutoring available.Pedro de Alcântara Francisco António João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbonĭom Pedro I (12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834) was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil, where he was known as " the Liberator". Pedro became heir to the throne in 1801 when his older brother died. Pedro's father João VI essentially ruled in his mother's name. At the time of his birth, Portugal was ruled by Pedro's grandmother Queen Maria I, whose sanity was quickly deteriorating. He was descended from royal lineage on both sides: on his father's side, he was of the House of Bragança, the royal house of Portugal, and his mother was Carlota of Spain, daughter of King Carlos IV. Notable Quote: "It grieves me to see my fellow humans giving a man tributes appropriate for the divinity, I know that my blood is the same color as that of the Negroes."ĭom Pedro I was born with the lengthy name of Pedro de Alcântara Francisco António João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim on October 12, 1798, in the Queluz Royal Palace outside of Lisbon.Children: Maria (later Queen Dona Maria II of Portugal), Miguel, João, Januária, Paula, Francisca, Pedro. ![]()
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